Princeton Public Library

Why there's antifreeze in your toothpaste, the chemistry of household ingredients, Simon Quellen Field

eng

illustrations

index present

non fiction

Why there's antifreeze in your toothpaste

145431786

Simon Quellen Field

the chemistry of household ingredients

"Explaining why antifreeze is a component of toothpaste and how salt works in shampoo, this fascinating handbook delves into the chemistry of everyday household products. Decoding more than 150 cryptic ingredients, the guide explains each component's structural formula, offers synonymous names, and describes its common uses. This informative resource can serve curious readers as a basic primer to commercial chemistry or as an indexed reference for specific compounds found on a product label. Grouped according to type, these chemical descriptions will dissolve common misunderstandings and help make consumers more product savvy."--Product description

Introduction -- How to read structural formulas -- 1. Preservatives -- Ultraviolet light absorbers -- Benzophenone -- Para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) -- Focus : sunscreen -- Zinc oxide -- Titanium dioxide -- Color stabilizers -- Sulfur dioxide -- Sodium bisulfite -- Antioxidants -- Tocopherols (vitamin E) -- Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) -- Erythorbic acid -- Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) -- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) -- Honey -- Sodium citrate -- Lecithin -- Propyl gallate -- Antimicrobials -- Sodium benzoate -- Benzoic acid -- Potassium sorbate -- Sorbic acid -- Natamycin -- Triclosan -- Triclocarban -- Hexachlorophene -- Acetic acid (vinegar) -- Sodium chloride (salt) -- Focus : table salt -- Sugars -- Focus : sweeteners -- Calcium propionate -- Sodium propionate -- Imidazolidinyl urea -- Methyl paraben -- Isothiazolinone -- Methylisothiazolinone -- Methylchloroisothiazolinone -- Lactic acid -- Sodium nitrite -- Sodium nitrate -- DMDM hydantoin -- Glycols -- 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol -- 2. Buffers -- Sodium citrate -- Aminomethyl propanol (AMP) -- Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -- Phosphoric acid -- 3. Chelating or sequestering agents (water softeners) -- Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) -- Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid -- Phosphoric acid -- Sodium citrate -- Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -- Tetrasodium etidronate -- Sodium carbonate -- 4. Alcohols and phenols -- Ethanol -- Stearyl alcohol -- Cetyl alcohol -- Glycerin -- Menthol -- 5. Waxes -- Esters -- 6. Flavorings -- Acids -- Acetic acid (vinegar) -- Citric acid -- Lactic acid -- Stearic acid -- Phosphoric acid -- Fumaric acid -- Tartaric acid -- Esters -- Methyl vanillin -- Ethyl vanillin -- Denatonium benzoate -- Other flavorings -- Vanilla -- Monosodium glutamate (MSG)7. Sweeteners -- Sucrose -- Invert sugar -- Fructose -- High-fructose corn syrup -- Neotame -- Acesulfame potassium -- Aspartame -- Sucralose -- Focus : soft drinks -- Saccharin -- Lactose -- Poorly absorbed carbohydrates and sugar alcohols -- Sorbitol -- Mannitol -- Xylitol -- Maltitol -- Hydrogenated starch hydrosylate (HSH) -- 8. Salt substitutes -- Potassium chloride -- 9. Fats -- Tristearin (saturated fats) -- Focus : fats -- Trilinolein (polyunsaturated fats) -- Trilinolenin (Omega-3 fats) -- Fat substitutes -- Olestra -- Salatrim -- Guar gum -- Focus : ice cream -- Locust bean gum -- Xanthan gum -- 10. Colors -- Annatto -- Beta-carotene -- Carmine -- Focus : food, drug, and cosmetic colors -- Saffron -- Turmeric -- Titanium dioxide -- Allura red -- Indigo -- Caseinates -- Ferrous gluconate -- 11. Moisture controllers -- Glycerin -- Sorbitol -- Sodium PCA -- Mannitol -- Propylene glycol -- Butylene glycol -- Panthenol -- 12. Emulsifiers -- Lecithin -- Phosphoric acid -- Sorbitan monostearate -- Polysorbate 80 -- Glycerol monostearate (mono- and diglycerides) -- Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -- Focus : whipped cream -- 13. Stabilizers and thickeners -- Corn syrup -- Sodium caseinate -- Calcium caseinate -- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) -- Polypropylene glycol (PPG) -- Lecithin -- Methylcellulose -- Sodium carboxymethylcellulose -- Xylenesulfonates -- Agar -- Gelatin -- Pectin -- Alginates -- Starch and modified starch -- Carrageenan -- Guar gum -- Locust bean gum-- Brominated vegetable oil -- Gum Arabic -- Xanthan gum -- 14. Dough conditioners and whipping agents -- Sodium stearoyl lactylate -- Calcium stearoyl lactylate -- Sodium stearoyl fumarate -- Focus : bread -- Potassium bromate -- Carrageenan -- Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -- Fumaric acid15. Stimulants -- Caffeine -- Theobromine -- Ephedrine -- 16. Medicines -- Benzoyl peroxide -- Focus : acne medicines -- Salicylic acid -- Sulfur -- Resorcinol -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Sodium bicarbonate --Hydroquinone -- Antibiotics -- Triclosan -- Triclocarban -- Hexachlorophene -- Pain relievers -- Potassium nitrate -- Benzocaine -- Tramadol -- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) -- Acetaminophen -- Ibuprofen -- Naproxen -- Allantoin -- Menthol -- Methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, glycol salicylate -- Camphor -- Methyl nicotinate and benzyl nicotinate -- Capsaicin -- 17. Bleaching agents -- Sodium hypochlorite -- Focus : bleach -- Calcium hypochlorite -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Benzoyl peroxide -- Borax -- Sodium perborate -- Sodium carbonate peroxide -- Sodium dichloroisocyanurate -- Hydroquinone -- 18. Surfactants -- Ammonium lauryl sulfate -- Focus : shampoo -- Sodium lauryl sarcosinate -- Lauryl glucoside -- Cocamidopropyl betaine -- Sodium stearate -- Focus : soap -- Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate -- Sodium isethionate -- Focus : detergents -- Xylenesulfonates -- 19. Foam stabilizers -- Cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, cocamide TEA -- Tetrasodium pyrophosphate -- 20. Conditioners -- Cetyl alcohol -- Cetrimonium chloride -- Silicones -- Panthenol -- 21. Propellants -- Nitrous oxide -- Isobutane -- Dimethyl ether -- 22. Polymers and glues -- Vinyl acetate -- Focus : hairspray -- Vinyl alcohol -- Methacrylate -- Silicones -- 23. Abrasives and dental additives -- Hydrated silica -- Focus : toothpaste -- Stannous fluoride -- Sodium fluoride -- Sodium monofluorophosphate